William Kentridge (b. 1955)
William Kentridge (b. 1955)

Felix in Exile and History of the Main Complaint

Details
William Kentridge (b. 1955)
Felix in Exile and History of the Main Complaint
35mm animated color film, transferred to video and laser disc
Felix in Exile: 8 minutes, 43 seconds
History of the Main Complaint: 5 minutes, 50 seconds
Executed in 1994 and 1996. This work is number four from an edition of ten.
Provenance
Barbara Gladstone Gallery, New York
Literature
D. Cameron, C. Christov-Bakargiev and J. M. Coetzee, William Kentridge, London 1999, pp. 66-67 and pp. 122-127. (stills illustrated)
Exhibited
SCREENED:

Johannesburg, Goodman Gallery, Felix in Exile, October-November 1994
Paris, Annecy International Festival of Animated Film, June 1995
London, Bernard Jacobson Gallery, Mayibuye I Afrika: 8 South African Artists, September-October 1995
London, The Delfina Studio Trust, On the Road--Works by 10 Southern African Artists, October-November 1995
Brussels, Le Botanique, Festival des Dessins Animes, February 1996 Johannesburg, Goodman Gallery, Applied Drawings, March 1996
Berlin, Haus der Kulturen der Welt, Colours, Art from South Africa, May-August 1996
Cape Town, The Castle, Faultlines: Inquiries into Truth & Reconciliation, June-July 1996
Lisbon, Culturgest, July 1996
Art Gallery of New South Wales, Jurassic Technologies Revenant, 10th Sydney Biennial, July-September 1996
Graz, Reininghaus, Inklusion-Exklusion: Versuch einer neuen Kartografie der Kunst im Zeitalter von Postkolonial-ismus und globaler Migration, September-October 1996
Turin, Galleria Civica d'Arte Moderna e Contemporanea; and Maastricht, Bonnefanten Museum, Campo 6, The Spiral Village, September 1996-May 1997
Kassel, Museum Fridericianum, documenta X, June-September 1997
New York, The Drawing Center, William Kentridge, January-February 1998
London, Stephen Friedman and Gallery A22 Gallery, William Kentridge, March-April 1998
Paris, Palais des Beaux-Arts; Brussels, Paleis voor Schone Kunsten; Munich, Kuntsverein; Graz, Neue Galerie Graz am Landesmuseum Joanneum, William Kentridge, May 1998-January 1999, pp. 89-91 (stills illustrated)
Houston, Contemporary Arts Museum, OUTBOUND Passages from the 90's, March-May 2000, pp. 54-57 (stills illustrated)

Lot Essay

South African artist William Kentridge's approach to animation is a unique and labor intensive process. It involves fusing many altered and erased charcoal drawings into one continuous film. For each film (all under ten minutes), Kentridge produces approximately twenty drawings. Drawings then become part of the process of the creation of film and what remains are the visible traces of the artist's technique, the addition and subtraction of lines and forms to the drawings themselves. It is difficult to decipher in Kentridge's work whether the artist is drawing a film, or developing a film out of a drawing.
Kentridge created Felix in Exile in 1994 as the fifth in the series of films based on two characters, Soho Eckstein and Felix Teitlebaum. "Felix in Exile was made at the time just before the first general election in South Africa, and questioned the way in which the people who had died on the journey to this new dispensation would be remembered--using the landscape as a metaphor for the process of remembering or forgetting." (William Kentridge in C. Christov-Bakargiev, William Kentridge, Paris 1998, p. 90)
History of the Main Complaint is the sixth film in the same series. "It was made shortly after the establishment, in April 1996, of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, a series of public hearings into abuses of human rights and perpetrated during the apartheid period. These hearings, in which individuals told their personal stories, were held in order to retrieve lost histories, to make reparation to those who had suffered, to provide amnesty, and to create a general context for a new post-colonial and post-apartheid era of national reconciliation. The underlying theme of History of the Main Complaint is Soho's personal recognition of responsibility." (C. Christov-Barkargiev, William Kentridge, Brussels 1998, p. 110)

Although Kentridge's films, prints, drawings and theatre productions make reference to various political and social situations, it would be a misinterpretation of the artist's oeuvre to categorize his work as solely politically and socially motivated. "While it does share with classic agitprop art an immediacy, emotional urgency and accessibility, it targets no particular person, class or regime as much as the broader, erosive power of forgetting, the phenomenon of "disremembering"." (Leah Ollman, Art in America, January 1999, p. 71)

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