Lot Essay
In 1860, the Summer Palace was extensively damaged by European troops in retaliation for the Boxer Rebellion. The Palace was later restored in 1888 by the Empress Dowager Cixi, using monies designated for the improvement of the Chinese navy. A similar large painting depicting the Summer Palace, dated circa 1890, is in the Vancouver Museum and was illustrated by B. Twill in the exhibition catalogue, The Manchu Era (1644-1912), Arts of China's Last Imperial Dynasty, Art Gallery of Greater Victoria, 19 March - 20 June 2004, pp. 24-5, where it is suggested that the painting was executed to commemorate the restoration of the Summer Palace.