A bronze figure of Chandikeshvara
A bronze figure of Chandikeshvara

SOUTH INDIA, CHOLA PERIOD, 12TH/13TH CENTURY

Details
A bronze figure of Chandikeshvara
South India, Chola period, 12th/13th century
Standing in tribhanga on a circular base over a square plinth, his hands held together before him and clutching a garland of flowers, dressed in a short dhoti secured with a beaded belt tied at the waist, the face with elongated eyes flanked by pendulous pierced ears, the hair escaping in locks over the shoulders and piled into a jatamukuta
21 in. (53.3 cm.) high
Provenance
Private Collection, Thailand, mid-1980s
Doris Wiener Gallery, New York, 2011
Exhibited
Asia Week, Doris Wiener Gallery, New York, March 2011

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Lot Essay

Legend speaks of the young boy worshipping a simple mud lingam and using milk from the cows he tended for the ritual daily lustration. When his father came to chastise him for wasting the milk, Chandesha was so absorbed in meditation that he did not hear. His angry father kicked the lingam and Chandesha lashed out with his staff, which miraculously turned into Shiva's sacred axe. Pleased by the intensity of Chandesha's devotion, Shiva and Uma blessed him with a divine garland, hence the name Chandikeshvara, see V. Dehejia, Chola, Sacred Bronzes of Southern India, 2006, p. 109.

The Shaiva saints, of which there is a group of sixty three, are known as nayanmars or leaders. They were part of a community of holy persons traveling the countryside, and their hymns form the sacred canon of South India. The images of the saints are idealized portraits transformed by bhakti, the state of loving devotion. Of the nayanmars, Chandikeshvara is the principal saint, the guardian of Shiva. During the Chola period, all Shiva temples had a separate shrine, usually on the northern side near the sanctum dedicated to Chandikeshvara.

For another example of the same subject, see V. Dehejia, Chola: Sacred Bronzes of Southern India, 2006, p. 109, cat. no. 19.

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