LETTERS

Zhang Zhidong (1837-1909), also known as Xiangtao, Yigong, and Baobing in his later years, served as a compiler in the Hanlin Academy in 1863. He also worked as a scholar in the Grand Secretariat, Commissioner of Shanxi Province, Governor of Hunan and Guangdong provinces, and Grand Minister of State, among other positions. Zhang Zhidong was an influential figure at court and eventually became the main representative of the group advocating Westernization.