A PAIR OF GEORGE III ORMOLU-MOUNTED WHITE MARBLE POT-POURRI VASES AND COVERS
Matthew Boulton,(1728-1809) pioneer of English Ormolu and supplier to the King Matthew Boulton is rightly recognised as the pre-eminent English manufacturer of ormolu and objets de luxe in the late 18th century. Often incorporating highly prized specimens of bluejohn or 'radix amythisti', his production of ormolu flourished throughout the 1770s, attracting many notable clients and patrons and making his 'manufactory' a place of pilgrimage for fashionable society. At the age of fourteen Boulton left school to work in his father's metalworking business which produced 'Birmingham toys' (objets de vertu such as snuff-boxes and etui) and buttons. This early experience, coupled with his quick mind and wit, enabled him to join his father as partner in the business by the age of 22. His father died in 1759, leaving the ambitious thirty-one year old with full control of the business and the freedom to expand on a big scale. An entrepreneur and self-promoter, Boulton was able to use his ingenuity, rigour and attention to detail to take full advantage of the advancing industrial revolution and the ever growing demand for decorative objects which were seen as essential accessories for the fashionable. His manufactory's output was as diverse as it was prodigious, ranging from Japanned goods, clocks, and silver plate to mechanical paintings, copying machines, coins, medals and of course ormolu. Matthew Boulton vastly expanded the output of the works at Snow Hill before moving to Handsworth, outside Birmingham; in 1761 he bought the lease on a parcel of land for 1000 and it was here that he established his famous Soho manufactory, entering into partnership the following year with John Fothergill. Boulton's ambition and attention to detail combined with Fothergill's marketing experience and excellent contacts were the perfect recipe for success. At Soho, Boulton aimed for efficiency and the streamlining of production through advances in technology but he never cut corners on quality, making him the foremost English Ormolu producer of the age. In 1765 Boulton visited Paris and began to challenge French dominance of the ormolu market, a clever decision given the anti-French sentiment running high in Britain after the recent war with France. In Paris he would have witnessed firsthand the output of the acclaimed bronziers who he considered rivaled 'all the world in elegance and cheapness'. In 1768-9 a specialised department was established at the Soho manufactory for the production of ormolu, rapidly gaining a reputation for producing the most luxurious ormolu goods in the country. This position was cemented the following year when - on a visit to Buckingham House - he was requested to supply a garniture for the mantelpiece in the Queen's bedchamber. In April 1771 Christie's held Messrs Boulton and Fothergill's first speculative sale: 'A Catalogue of the Superb and elegant produce Of Messrs Boulton and Fothergill's Or moulu [sic] Manufactory', which was primarily a publicity exercise. It seems to have been an effective one: amongst the recorded buyers were many of the nobility, such as Lady Melbourne, Lady Exeter and Edwin Lascelles' neighbour, Lord Fitzwilliam. Boulton was acquainted with many of the leading architects of the day. William Chambers, James 'Athenian' Stuart, James Paine and Robert Adam all clearly influenced his designs. With a Royal Commission and the success of a Christie's sale, Boulton's position as the supplier to fashionable London patrons with the finest 'or molu' and 'radix amythisti' was assured. However, cost of producing these objects to Boulton's exacting standards was almost prohibitively expensive and by 1778, when he had his final sale at Christie's, his ormolu production was already in decline and the production of one of the most notable ormolu manufacturers in English history was drawing to a close. The following objects define the quality of Boulton's oeuvre. In design, materials and craftsmanship, it is plain to see why these objects were an essential adornment for the fashionable 18th century interior and why they continued to be prized by subsequent generations. This collection of Boulton's work, and the presence amongst it of a fine example of the 'improved' King's candle-vase - one of Boulton's most famous designs, produced as part of his first Royal commission - encapsulate collecting in the Royal tradition at Harewood and its continuance into the mid-20th century.
A PAIR OF GEORGE III ORMOLU-MOUNTED WHITE MARBLE POT-POURRI VASES AND COVERS

BY MATTHEW BOULTON, CIRCA 1772

細節
A PAIR OF GEORGE III ORMOLU-MOUNTED WHITE MARBLE POT-POURRI VASES AND COVERS
BY MATTHEW BOULTON, CIRCA 1772
Each with pierced covers with bud finials above an entrelac frieze draped with husk-swags, the beaded waisted socles on a spreading foot and cylindrical bases with conforming swagged plinths, one swag replaced
9½ in. (24 cm.) high (2)
來源
Probably either inherited or acquired by H.R.H. The Princess Mary,
Princess Royal, Countess of Harewood (1897-1965) and by descent at
Harewood House, Yorkshire.
出版
N. Goodison, Matthew Boulton: Ormolu, London 2002, pp. 302-303, fig. 269.

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Sebastian Goetz
Sebastian Goetz

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This model of vase, with its laurel swags after the antique and Ceres' libation paterae guilloche band, was conceived as a perfume burner with a pierced lid to release the scent of aromatic herbs, and derives from an illustration in volume 1, p. 171 of Matthew Boulton's Pattern Book.

Among Boulton and Fothergill's clients was Empress Catherine of Russia, who in 1771 directed her Russian envoy to visit Boulton's factory to acquire objects. This appointment was subsequently followed by a delivery of vases to the English envoy in Russia, destined for the Empress. A pair of vases, of the same model but differing in the use of fluorspar, is in the collection of the State Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg (illustrated in Catherine the Great: Art for Empire, Nathalie Bondil (ed.), Montreal, 2005, p. 129). These vases are perhaps the pair recorded in Catherine's collection in 1772, although subsequent commissions by Boulton are also recorded in in 1774 and 1776. Perhaps in reference to the present model, Catherine was reported in 1772 to have commented that Boulton's vases were 'superior to those of the French in all respects'.

A pair of perfume-burners of the same model is at Pavlovsk Palace, Saint Petersburg (A. Koutchoumov, Pavlovsk. Le Palais et le Parc, Leningrad, 1976, pl. 92). Whilst another pair in white marble, is in the Royal collection at Sandringham (N. Goodison, Matthew Boulton: Ormolu, London 2002, p. 302). Further examples of this design include: a pair from the Collection of Viscount Clifden, K.C.V.O, Christie's, London, 2 December 1966, lot 73; a pair sold anonymously, Christie's, London, 6 July 1995, lot 27 and a pair from the collection of Mrs. Gabrielle Keiller, 4 July 1996, lot 278.

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